Leading Collaborative Organizations by Tyrus Ross Clayton

Author:Tyrus Ross Clayton [Clayton, Tyrus Ross]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: iUniverse
Published: 2013-10-27T16:00:00+00:00

Taylor’s systematic studies produced a growing body of knowledge on these subjects; it was his work that underlay the initial experiments with lighting and worker productivity in the classic Hawthorne studies that contributed impetus to the Human Relations approach. The roots of Industrial Engineering include Taylor and his studies and this seminal systems strand. Similarly, the fields of Operations Research and Management Science are in his debt.

A second “systems strand”, organizations as systems, came on the scene in the 1930’s in the application of systems thinking and concepts to discussions of organizations. Chester Barnard in his classic book, The Functions of the Executive, devoted the first part of the book to what he called, “Systems of Cooperation”. In this part he examined the individual in the organization, the physical and biological limitations in cooperative systems, and psychological and social factors in systems of cooperation. Barnard then went on to set out some “Principles of Cooperative Action”. Barnard’s seminal book stands out as perhaps the first holistic conception of organizations; he demonstrates the interdependence of personal, physical, biological, psychological and social factors and considers each to be important in attaining organizational efficiencies and effectiveness.

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